Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Overview of Joint Degeneration, Symptoms, and Modern Therapeutic Approaches
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition characterized by cartilage breakdown, inflammation, and gradual loss of mobility. It commonly affects the knees, hips, spine, and hands. Aging, repetitive joint stress, obesity, previous injuries, and genetics are major contributors to its development.
Symptoms include joint stiffness, pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Early diagnosis allows for lifestyle modifications, targeted exercise, weight management, and supplementation that can slow progression. Therapeutic interventions also include physical therapy, hyaluronic acid injections, and anti-inflammatory medications.
Advances in osteoarthritis care include regenerative therapies such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cell–based treatments. These approaches aim to support tissue repair and reduce inflammation, potentially delaying the need for surgical interventions like joint replacement. Patient education and long-term management remain essential for improving quality of life.